Evaporator



Se t. 9, 1924,; 1,508,130

W. E. SANGER EVAPORATOR Filed Feb. 5, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 2 Shoetu-Shoot 2 Sept. 9 1924.

W. E. SANGER EVAPORATOR Filed Feb. 5, 1922 bottom,

Patent Sept. [9, 1924.

WALTER E. SANGER, or cmcaeo, ILnINoIs, ASSIGNOR 'ro wuasrna- & SANGER, or

, cmoaeo, ILLINOIS, A PARTNERSHIP FIRM. 1

EVAPORATO'R.

' Application filed February 3, 1922.. Serial No. 533,780.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WALTER E. SANGER, a citizen of the United States, residin at 'Chicago, in the county of Cook and S tate of Illinois; have invented certain new and I useful Improvements in Evaporators, of

which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to apparatus for evaporating liquids in which crystalline 0 matter precipitates during the process and may be utilized, for example, in the evaporation of crude glycerine, but isapplicable to a large variety readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The object of the invention is to provide apparatus of the class named which shall be of improved construction and economical, convenient and eficient in operation.

The invention is exemplified in the combination and arrangement of parts shown Y in the accompanying drawings and described in the following specification, and is more particularly pointed out in the appended claims. I a I In the drawings- 1 is a somewhat diagrammatical Fi view with partsin section showing one embodiment of the present invention;

' Fi 2 is a horizontal section on line 2-2 of Flg. 1; and

Fig. 3 is a vertical section on line 3-3 of Fi 2. l

In the embodiment" of the invention shown in the drawings, a heating chamber or calandria 10 is provided having an upright partition 11 which separates thechamber into two compartments 12 and 13, as-

shown best in Figs. 2 and 3. Thejouter casing of the calandria 10 is preferably 4 cylindrical and the partition-11 separating the chambers 12 and 13 is arcuatein section sothat the walls of the two chambers are formed by intersecting arc-shaped plates. It is apparent that the arcuate shape of the walls will give greater resist-- ance to pressures, thus strength of the apparatus for a given amount of material, and the curvature of 'the wall 11 also gives a better distribution of the space within the calandria than would be the case if the wall were of a difierent shape, as will later appear.

The chamber 13. is open at its top and of materials as will be increasing the' but the chamber 12 is ,closed by. upper and lower heads 14 and 15. Plpes 15 making tight connections where they penetrate the heads. The ends of the tubes open outside of the plates :Eorming' the heads 14 and Y15 so that each tube forms a.

conduit passing through the chamber 12 and opening into the spaces above and below the chamber. The chamber 13 is entirely open and communicates directily with the space above and below the heads 14 and 1-5, respectively. A conduit 17 communicates through the wall of the c'alandria with 01' tubes 16 extend through the heads Hand Deflector plates 19 arcuate in shape'are interposed between the pipes 16 to cause the steam enteringthrough the conduit 17 to pass back and riorth around the pipes.

It will be noted from Fig. 2 that the baffle plates 19 and the tubes 16 are all arranged on arcs of circles parallel withthe wall 11.

Steam entering the chamber 12 will first heat the pipes adjacent the entrance opening and will progressively heat the pipes spaced greater distances from the opening so that when liquid is present in the interiorof the pipes boiling will begin near the entrance opening of the steam and the liquid will continue to boil more rapidly in the tubes closest the entrance opening and less rapidly in the tubes farther removed.

A drain pipe 20 is provided for permitting the escape of condensed liquid in the chamber 12 and vent cocks 21 and 22 may also be provided for permitting escape of air or other non-condensable gas.

Beneath the lower head 15 there is located a hopper-shaped chamber 23 which communic'ates through pipes 24 and 25 with the receptacles 26 and 27, respectively. Valves 28 and 29 are interposed in the pipes24 and 25. Above the head 14 is a chamber 30 in which there-are located baffle plates, 31 and 32, the upper edges of the baflle .plates -being curved outwardly and downwardly, as shown at 33. The-bafiie plates are each provided with openings-34 through which any liquid may drain which might otherwise be entrapped in the pockets above the bafile plates. The chamber 30 communicates through pipes 35 and 36 with a separator 87 so that vapor rising from the chamber30 will discharge any liquid held in suspension therein into the chamber 37, from the bottom of which it -will drain through pipe 38 to the, compartment 13 in the calandria 10. The separator 37 is connected by a pipe 39 with a condenser 40 having an exhaust pump 41 connected therewith to maintain a vacuum in the evaporating system. The lower portion of the condenser a is connected by a pipe 42 to the usual hot well 43 in which the liquid resulting from the condensation is colthe inlet opening for the steam. This will liquid. upwardly in the tubes and. downcause vapor to rise from the tubes farthest from the chamber 13 and strike the baffle plate 31. Any liquid carried upwardly with the rising vapor will be projected by the bathe plate 31 and its curved edge 33 downwardly into the open compartment 13.

This will give rise to a circulation of the wardly in the open compartment and any crystals formed during the process will be carried downwardly in the cone-shaped hopper 23 and will pass through the'eonnections 2a or 25 into one or the other of the compartments 26 and 27, depending upon which of the valves 28 and 29 is open.

'VVhen one of the receptacles is filled with crystals its valve may be closed and the valve opened into the companion-receptacle so that ,oneor the other of the receptacles will at all times be'in condition for re-- ceiving the deposited crystals.

A pipe 45 is connected by valves 46 with the bottoms of the receptacles '26 and 27,

the pipe communicating with the hopper 23.

Each of the receptacles is provided at, its upper portion with pipes 47 through which steam may be admitted to'force any liquid in the receptacle out of the crystals and return the liquidto the hopper 23. llt will be noted that the arcuate shape of the wall 11 permits the chamber 13 to extend for a greater distance around the inner periphery of the calandria 10 than wouldbe the case if a flat wall were used. At the same time the bulge in the central portion of the wall .11 provides a larger amount of spacefor' the evaporating chamber. Any desired number of deflectors may be used in the vapor chamber 30, the deflectors being oppositely located, as shown in Fig. 1, so that upwardly rising liquid whichpasses one of Laoeaso the deflectors will strike the one next above. It is not essential that the inlet pipe 17 be locatedvat any particular point'in the wall of the calandria, but it is desirable that the arrangement be such that the heating of the pipes will gradually decrease from the inlet opening toward the open chamber 13. This effect may be augmented where desired by, providing smaller pipes adjacent the'inlet opening than thoseiarther removed therefrom. In large installations it may sometimes be desirable to provide a plurality of inlet openings for the heating medium. The conical shape of the chamber 23 assists the circulating liquid in sweeping any crystals that are formed toward the center of the hopper where they enter the pipes leading to the receptacles 26 and 27. While I have shown and described one specific embodiment of the invention, it will be apparent that theinvention is not confined to the details represented in the drawings, butthat various modifications may be made by those skilled in the art which will fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It will also be apparent that the device may be usedsinglyg as shown, or may be connected with similar apparatus for a multiple efi'ect operation, if desired.

ll claimz- 1. A. calandria comprising a cylindrical casing having an arcuate partition therein for separating said calandria into two compartments, upper and lower heads closing the compartment adjacent the concave side of said partition and forming a heating chamber, tubes extending through said heating chamber and opening outside of said heads, said tubes having their axes arranged in parallel arcs, and arcuate battle plates interposed between said tubes for directing a heating medium about the various tubes in said heating chamber, some of said baflle plates extending inwardly from the walls of said heating chamberand spaced to form a central passage while others are spaced inwardly from said walls to provide outer passages.

'2. In an evaporator, the combination oi a calandria section having two chambers the walls of which, in transverse section, form arcs ofint'ersecting circles of difi'erent radii, the first chamber being open and the second of which has upper and lower tube heads, a bottom sloping downwardly and inwardly toward the center, below the two chambers, a plurality of tubes extending between and through said heads, the centhe are forming one wall of the second chamber, means for introducing a heating medium into the space between said tubes on the outer wall of the second chamber,

and means for causing a circulation of 1 liquid downwardly in the first chamber toward the center from the first chamber in the space below the first and second chambers. v

3. In an evaporator, the combination of a calandria section having two chambers the outer walls of which comprising a continuous cylindricalshell, there being an inner partition wall between said chambers formed by an arc intersect-ing said outer shell at spaced positions thereon, the first chamber being open and the second of which has upper and lower tube heads, abottom sloping downwardly and inwardly toward the center, below the two chambers, a plurality of tubes extending between and through said heads,

' the centers of these tubes being located on the .arcs of circles, these arcs being parallel to the are forming one wall of the second chamber, means above the upper head of the second chamber to deflect toward the first chamber liquid rising from the'tubes, means for introducing a heating medium into the space, between said tubes, between saidheads, means for causing the circulation of the heating-medium around the tubes, from the inlet toward the outlet, and means for introducing liquid to be evaporated into the first chamber as well as into the space into which the tubes open.

Lin an evaporator, the combination of a. calandria section having two chambers, the second chamber having upper and lower heads and a bottom arranged to provide a space below the two chambers, means for introducing a heating medium between said heads at a point on the outer wall of the second chamber, a plurality of tubes extending between and through said ,heads,

the centers of these tubes being located on the arcs of circles, these arcs being parallel to the arc forming one wall of the second chamber into which the heating medium is directly introduced, said bottom having means for the removal of precipitated mat- Y ter at a point below that at which the heating medium is introduced, and means for causing circulation of liquid downwardly in the first chamber, upwardly in the tubes and inwardly from the first chamber in the space below the two chambers, to sweep precipitated matter toward said means for the removal of precipitated matter;

5. In an evaporator, the combination'of 'a calandria' section having two chambers, the second chamber having upper and lower heads and a bottom arranged toprovidev a space below the two chambers, means for introducing a heating medium between said heads at a point on the outer wall of the second chamber, a plurality of tubes: extending between and through said heads, the centers of these tubes being located on the arcs of circles, these arcs being parallel said casing,

wall arranged to divide the space between transverse walls intotiti'ons,

to the are forming one wall of the second chamber into which the heating medium is directly introduced, said bottom having an opening for the removal of precipitated matter' at a point be-lowthat at which the heating medium is introduced, and battle means arranged between said tubes, and between said upperand lower heads with alternating central and laterally spaced passages, to cause the heating medium to circulate around the tubes, beginning with those adjacent thepoint of introduction of the heating medium so that the heating effect will progressively diminish from the point of first application of the heating medium to the tubes most distant therefrom,

and circulation of liquid will be caused downwardly in said first chamber, up-

portions are closed by said transverse par tition walls, tubes arranged in arcuate rows parallel to said arcuate partition wall and extending 'through said closed portion,

means for mtroducing a heating medium at the side of said'closed portion away from first chamber so will be swept by its upper and lower ends while the I said arcuate partition wall, and baflle plates interposed between said tubes to causesaid heating medium to engage said tubes in succession from the point of entry of said medium toward said arcuate partition wall.

7 In an 'evaporator, a calandria comprising a cylindrical casing having upper and lower walls extending transversely of and a longitudinally extending the planes of said two portions each having its outer wall formed b the outer wall of said casing, one of said portions having its upperand lower ends open while the other of said portions is closed by said transverse parcirculation tubes extending through said closed portion, baflie'walls interposed between said tubes, and means for intro-.

portion at a point removed from said longitudinallyextending-partition so that said.

ducing a heating medium into said closed tending partition, said loafie and partition walls having-concave faces disposed toward the point of introduction of the heating medium. I

8. An evaporator comprising a cylindrical shell having a heatlng chamber therein formed by an arcuate plate inter- 'secting said shell and by upper and lower transverse partition walls, said chamber having circulation tubes extending vertically therethrough, means for introducing a heating medium into said chamber at a point opposite said partition wall, and means for directing said heating medium about said tubes successively, said means comprising an arcuate plate adjacent the inlet for said heating medium and having symmetrical passages around the edges thereof, a pair of plates spaced from said naoaiao first plate opposite 'said heating medium each having its outer edge connected with the Wall of said heating chamber, the inner I edges of said plates being centrally spaced from one another to provide a central steam 1 tubes beginning adjacent the-inlet for said medium and continuing toward said partition walls.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification on this 30th day of January, A. D. 1922. WALTER 'lE. SANGER. 

